St. Francis Expelling Devils...
The below related account is from the Manual of the Third Order of St. Francis, 1884
One of the favourite
wiles of Satan is to irritate men against one another, as in the
following instance, related by St. Bonaventure: One day the blessed
Patriarch Francis went to Arezzo. That city, which had long been a prey
to civil dissensions, was verging on its ruin. Francis beheld the demons
dancing with joy on the walls of the city, and exciting in the hearts
of its people the fire of hatred against each other. Calling to him
Brother Sylvester, a man of dove-like simplicity, he said, "Go to the
gate of the city, and in the name of Almighty God command the devils, in
virtue of holy obedience, to depart immediately."
The Brother hastened to fulfil his orders, and cried out in a loud voice, "All you evil spirits who are gathered together in this place, I command you, in the name of Almighty God and of His servant Francis, depart hence." No sooner had he uttered these words than the discordant voices were hushed, the people's angry passions were calmed, the fratricidal feud ceased, and peace was restored to Arezzo. The pride and jealousy of the infernal spirits had threatened the ruin of the city, but the wisdom of the humble Francis saved it from destruction.
"Let all bitterness and anger, and indignation and clamour, be put away from you," says the Apostle (Ephes. iv. 31). Listen to the touching commentary on this text by the prince of Christian eloquence:
"Bees will never enter into an unclean hive. Hence, those who rear them purify the hive for the new swarm by fumigation, perfumes, and spiced wines; otherwise the unpleasant odour would drive the bees away. It is the same with the Holy Spirit. Our soul is like a hive, which is fitted for receiving swarms of spiritual graces; but if it contains only gall and bitterness and anger, these holy swarms will take flight. Hence it is that this holy and wise Cultivator purifies our hive so carefully. He does not make use of any instrument of iron; but He invites us to receive the spiritual swarm, and in order to fit us for its reception He purifies us by prayer, labour, and other means. See how He cleanses our heart; He banishes falsehood and anger, and next He teaches us how to root out the evil entirely--that is, by keeping no bitterness in the soul. Hatred infects the whole soul, ruins it completely, and ends by hurling its victim into hell. We must subdue, or rather exterminate, this wild beast. Let us follow St. Paul's admonition, 'Let all bitterness be banished from amongst you'" (Hom, on Ephes. xv.).
May our congregations always be homes of peace, concord, and fraternal charity! This divine virtue is an assured pledge of all heavenly blessings, and an infallible guarantee of their duration.
"Charity is the mother of all other virtues. Let us spare no pains to plant it in our souls, and it will enrich us with every good. At all seasons we can gather its fruits, which grow unceasingly and never fail. Thus we shall obtain everlasting goods. May we all acquire them by the grace and mercy of Jesus Christ our Lord, to whom, with the Father and the Holy Ghost, belong glory, power, and honour, now and for evermore. Amen" (St. John Chrysostom, Hom. xxxi.).
The Mirror of Perfection
by Brother Leo of Assisi
How he put the demons to flight by humble words
One time Blessed
Francis went to the church of St. Peter of Bovara, near the village of
Trevi, in the valley of Spoleto, and with him went Brother Pacificus,
who in the world had been called the King of Verse, the noble and
courteous Doctor of Song. This church was deserted, and Blessed Francis
said to Blessed Pacificus, " Do you return to the Leper Hospital, as
this night I wish to remain here alone, and early in the morning come
back to me." And so he remained alone, and, having said Complin and
other prayers, he desired to rest and sleep, but could not. And his soul
began to fear and to feel diabolical suggestions, and going out of the
church, making the sign of the cross, he said: "On the part of God
Almighty I command you, O demons, to do to my body all the Lord Jesus
Christ permits you to do. And since I have no more inveterate enemy than
this body of mine, avenge me on this my adversary and worst enemy."
Instantly the temptation ceased, and going back to the place he had
left, he slept peacefully.
The vision of Brother Pacificus, wherein he saw and heard that the throne of Lucifer was reserved for the humble Francis
In the morning Brother
Pacificus returned to him. Blessed Francis was standing before the
altar in prayer, and Brother Pacificus remained outside the choir, also
praying before the crucifix. And while he was absorbed in prayer he was
lifted up in spirit and rapt into heaven, whether in the body or out of
the body God alone knoweth; and he saw in heaven very many seats, and
one amongst them was raised above the others, glorious to behold,
adorned with splendour and many precious stones, so that he marvelled at
its great beauty, and wondered whose seat this could be. And he heard a
voice that said: "This was the seat of Lucifer, and in his place will
be seated the humble Francis."
When he had returned to his senses St. Francis suddenly came out to him, whereupon this friar fell at his feet, and stretching out his arms in the form of a cross, as if he already saw him on that throne in heaven, cried, "Father, grant me your forgiveness, and pray God to have mercy on me and condone my sins." Taking his hand, Blessed Francis raised him up, knowing at once that he had seen some mysterious vision during his prayer, for he spoke to Blessed Francis not as if he were still in the body, but as if he were already an inhabitant of heaven. Afterwards, as he did not like to speak of it directly to Blessed Francis, he hinted at it, as it were, and while talking of other things, said, "What do you believe of yourself, Brother?" To which Blessed Francis answered, "It seems to me I am a greater sinner than any one else in the world." At this instant Brother Pacificus heard an inner voice say: "By this may you know the truth of the vision revealed to you, since Lucifer for his pride was hurled from his seat, while Francis by his humility has merited to be exalted and gloriously enthroned!"
Of certain temptations permitted by the Lord to try him:When he had returned to his senses St. Francis suddenly came out to him, whereupon this friar fell at his feet, and stretching out his arms in the form of a cross, as if he already saw him on that throne in heaven, cried, "Father, grant me your forgiveness, and pray God to have mercy on me and condone my sins." Taking his hand, Blessed Francis raised him up, knowing at once that he had seen some mysterious vision during his prayer, for he spoke to Blessed Francis not as if he were still in the body, but as if he were already an inhabitant of heaven. Afterwards, as he did not like to speak of it directly to Blessed Francis, he hinted at it, as it were, and while talking of other things, said, "What do you believe of yourself, Brother?" To which Blessed Francis answered, "It seems to me I am a greater sinner than any one else in the world." At this instant Brother Pacificus heard an inner voice say: "By this may you know the truth of the vision revealed to you, since Lucifer for his pride was hurled from his seat, while Francis by his humility has merited to be exalted and gloriously enthroned!"
First, how the Devil entered a pillow he had under his head
When Blessed Francis
remained in prayer at the Hermitage at Grecio, in the last cell beyond
the large one, one night in the first sleep he called his companion who
rested near him; and, rising, the companion came into the passage
outside the cell where was Blessed Francis, who said to him: "Brother, I
cannot sleep tonight, nor stand upright in prayer, because my legs
tremble, and it seems to me as if I had eaten bread made of tares." When
his companion spoke to him compassionately, Blessed Francis said: "I
verily believe the devil is in this pillow under my head." For although
he would never lie on a feather bed nor use a feather pillow, the
friars, against his will, had constrained him to use this pillow of
feathers because of the ailment in his eyes. He now threw it to his
companion, who caught it in his right hand, and put it on his left
shoulder, and as he was going along the passage to his cell, he lost his
speech, and could neither let go nor move his arm, but remained
standing erect and immovable, quite unconscious. When he had remained
like this for some time, by the grace of God Blessed Francis called to
him, and turning round he at once threw the pillow from him.
Returning to Blessed Francis he told him all that had happened to him, and the blessed Father said: "When I was saying Complin I felt the devil come into the cell, and now do I see how cunning is this devil. Seeing he cannot harm my soul he seeks to deprive my body of its needs, so that I cannot sleep nor stand up in prayer, and by this means he tries to prevent the devotion and gladness of my heart so that I may murmur at my ailments."
Of a serious temptation he had more than two yearsReturning to Blessed Francis he told him all that had happened to him, and the blessed Father said: "When I was saying Complin I felt the devil come into the cell, and now do I see how cunning is this devil. Seeing he cannot harm my soul he seeks to deprive my body of its needs, so that I cannot sleep nor stand up in prayer, and by this means he tries to prevent the devotion and gladness of my heart so that I may murmur at my ailments."
When he was dwelling
in the Place of St. Mary he was severely tempted in the spirit for the
profit of his soul. And by this was he so greatly afflicted both in body
and soul that he would often withdraw from the company of the friars,
being unable to show that cheerfulness he was wont to do.
Notwithstanding, he mortified himself by abstaining from food and drink
and speech, shedding abundant tears, and praying constantly that God
might be pleased to deliver him from this affliction. When he had been
thus tormented for more than two years, praying one day in the Church of
St. Mary he heard in spirit the words of the Gospel: If you have faith
as a grain of mustard seed, you shall say to this mountain remove from
thence thither, and it shall remove.
Blessed Francis asked, "Lord, what is this mountain?" and it was said to him: "This mountain is thy temptation." Then said Blessed Francis, "Lord, be it done to me as Thou hast said." At once he was set perfectly free, so that it seemed to him as if he had never had the temptation.
In the same way on the holy Mount Alverna, at the time when he received the Stigmata of the Lord in his body, the temptations and tribulations inflicted on him by the demon caused him so much suffering that he could not be cheerful as was his custom. He said to his companion, "If the friars knew how and what grievous tribulations and sufferings the demons inflict on me they would be moved with pity and compassion towards me."
Of the temptation he had through mice, and how the Lord Blessed Francis asked, "Lord, what is this mountain?" and it was said to him: "This mountain is thy temptation." Then said Blessed Francis, "Lord, be it done to me as Thou hast said." At once he was set perfectly free, so that it seemed to him as if he had never had the temptation.
In the same way on the holy Mount Alverna, at the time when he received the Stigmata of the Lord in his body, the temptations and tribulations inflicted on him by the demon caused him so much suffering that he could not be cheerful as was his custom. He said to his companion, "If the friars knew how and what grievous tribulations and sufferings the demons inflict on me they would be moved with pity and compassion towards me."
consoled him and assured him of His kingdom.
Two years before his
death, when he was at St. Damian's, in the cell that was made of straw
mats, and he suffered so greatly from his eyes that for sixty days he
could not bear the light of day nor even that of a fire, the Lord, in
order to increase his merits by the increase of his sufferings,
permitted a great number of mice to enter his cell, who, day and night,
ran over and around him to prevent his praying or resting. And when he
was eating they would climb on the table, and infested him in such
numbers that both he and his companions saw it to be a diabolical
temptation.
Blessed Francis finding himself so grievously afflicted was one night moved to pity for himself, and said internally: "Lord, come to my aid in my sufferings that I may bear them patiently." And in spirit it was said to him: "Tell me, Brother, if for these thy sufferings a great and precious treasure were offered thee, one compared to which the whole world is as nothing, wouldst thou not greatly rejoice?" Blessed Francis replied: "Great, Lord, must be that treasure and precious beyond compare, and much to be admired and desired." Then he again heard it said to him: "Therefore, Brother, rejoice and exult in thy infirmities and tribulations, and as for thy rest heed it not, but be as secure as if thou wert already in My kingdom."
And rising in the morning he said to his companion: "If the Emperor bestowed on one of his servants a whole kingdom, would not that servant have great cause to rejoice? And if again he gave him his entire Empire would he not rejoice still more?" Then he added: "Therefore it is fitting I should support my ailments and tribulations with much gladness, and taking comfort in the Lord give thanks to God the Father, and His only Son the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost, for all the grace given me by the Lord, since He has deigned to assure me, his unworthy servant, while still living in this world, of His kingdom. Therefore I desire in His praise, and for our consolation and the edification of our neighbour, to compose a new Praises of the Lords Creatures, which we use every day, and without which it would not be possible to live, and by which the human race often greatly offends the Creator. And continually are we ungrateful for so many graces and benefits, not praising the Lord Creator and Giver of all good as we are bound to do." And seating himself he meditated for some time, and after said, "Most High Omnipotent Good Lord," &c, composing a song thereof, and taught his companions to say and sing it.
So great was the sweetness and consolation of his spirit that he called for Brother Pacificus, whom the world entitled the King of Verse and Courteous Doctor of Song, and desired to send him with other friars to go together through the world, preaching and singing the Praises of the Lord. And he desired that he amongst them who was the best preacher should first preach to the people, and when the sermon was ended all the others should sing together the Praises of the Lord, as the Lord's minstrels; and at the end he desired the preacher should say to the people, "We are the Lord's minstrels, and the reward we ask of you is that you turn to true repentance." And he added: "For what else are the Servants of the Lord but His minstrels to lift up the hearts of men and move them to spiritual gladness?"
And specially would he say that the Friars Minor were given to the people of God for their salvation.
Blessed Francis finding himself so grievously afflicted was one night moved to pity for himself, and said internally: "Lord, come to my aid in my sufferings that I may bear them patiently." And in spirit it was said to him: "Tell me, Brother, if for these thy sufferings a great and precious treasure were offered thee, one compared to which the whole world is as nothing, wouldst thou not greatly rejoice?" Blessed Francis replied: "Great, Lord, must be that treasure and precious beyond compare, and much to be admired and desired." Then he again heard it said to him: "Therefore, Brother, rejoice and exult in thy infirmities and tribulations, and as for thy rest heed it not, but be as secure as if thou wert already in My kingdom."
And rising in the morning he said to his companion: "If the Emperor bestowed on one of his servants a whole kingdom, would not that servant have great cause to rejoice? And if again he gave him his entire Empire would he not rejoice still more?" Then he added: "Therefore it is fitting I should support my ailments and tribulations with much gladness, and taking comfort in the Lord give thanks to God the Father, and His only Son the Lord Jesus Christ, and the Holy Ghost, for all the grace given me by the Lord, since He has deigned to assure me, his unworthy servant, while still living in this world, of His kingdom. Therefore I desire in His praise, and for our consolation and the edification of our neighbour, to compose a new Praises of the Lords Creatures, which we use every day, and without which it would not be possible to live, and by which the human race often greatly offends the Creator. And continually are we ungrateful for so many graces and benefits, not praising the Lord Creator and Giver of all good as we are bound to do." And seating himself he meditated for some time, and after said, "Most High Omnipotent Good Lord," &c, composing a song thereof, and taught his companions to say and sing it.
So great was the sweetness and consolation of his spirit that he called for Brother Pacificus, whom the world entitled the King of Verse and Courteous Doctor of Song, and desired to send him with other friars to go together through the world, preaching and singing the Praises of the Lord. And he desired that he amongst them who was the best preacher should first preach to the people, and when the sermon was ended all the others should sing together the Praises of the Lord, as the Lord's minstrels; and at the end he desired the preacher should say to the people, "We are the Lord's minstrels, and the reward we ask of you is that you turn to true repentance." And he added: "For what else are the Servants of the Lord but His minstrels to lift up the hearts of men and move them to spiritual gladness?"
And specially would he say that the Friars Minor were given to the people of God for their salvation.
How on being beaten by demons he knew it was more pleasing to God
that he should stay in poor and humble places than with Cardinals
One time Blessed Francis went to Rome to visit my Lord of Ostia, and after remaining with him some days went thence to visit the Lord Cardinal Leo, who was greatly devoted to Blessed Francis. And as it was winter time and the roads were unfit for travelling, because of the cold and wind and rain, he begged him to remain a few days, as a poor man amongst the other poor he entertained daily at his table. This he said knowing that Blessed Francis ever wished to be received and treated as a poor man, although the Lord Pope and the Cardinals desired with much reverence and devotion to receive him as a guest, for they venerated him as a Saint. And the Cardinal added, "I will give you a good retired house, where you can pray and eat as it pleases you."
Then Brother Angelo Tancredi, one of the first twelve friars, who was then living with this Cardinal, said to Blessed Francis: "Brother, there is close by a spacious tower and so retired you might well believe yourself in a hermitage." When Blessed Francis saw the place it pleased him, and returning to the Lord Cardinal he said: "My lord, perchance I will remain with you for a few days." Thereat was the Lord Cardinal pleased and glad. Then Brother Angelo went and prepared a place in the tower for Blessed Francis and his companion. And as Blessed Francis did not desire to come down from there while he remained with the Cardinal, nor that any one should come to him, Brother Angelo promised, and ordered that food should be brought there to him every day for himself and his companion. When Blessed Francis had gone there with his companion, on the first night, when he tried to sleep, demons came and beat him soundly. And calling his companion he said to him: "Brother, demons have beaten me soundly; stay near me, for I fear to be alone." Therefore his companion remained near him all night, for Blessed Francis was trembling like a man in a fever, and they kept vigil all the night together.
Meanwhile Blessed Francis said to his companion, "Why have the demons beaten me, and why has the Lord given them power to hurt me?" Then he added: "The demons are the police of the Lord, and as the governor of a land sends his police to punish evildoers, so the Lord by His police, the demons who in this world are His ministers, corrects and chastises those He loves. Often even the perfect Religious does wrong in ignorance, and when he does not recognise his fault he is chastised by the devil, that he may diligently search and consider both within and outside himself in what he has offended. For in those who are truly loved of the Lord in this life He leaves nothing to be punished hereafter. By the mercy and grace of the Lord I am not conscious in myself of any offence that I have not confessed and made satisfaction for, yet by His grace the Lord has given me to know clearly when I please or displease Him.
Therefore, it may be He has chastised me by his police, because, though the Lord Cardinal has shown me compassion, and this refreshment is necessary for my body, my friars, who wander through the world, and other friars who live in hermitages and poor houses, when they hear I am staying with the Lord Cardinal, might have reason to murmur against me, saying, 'We have to support every adversity while he has his own consolations.' As I am ever bound to set them a good example, since for this reason I was given to them, it is more edifying to the friars when I dwell with them in poor places rather than elsewhere, and they are better able to bear their trials patiently when they know I have to bear the same."
This was ever the whole and constant study of our Father in all things to set a good example and never to give the other friars occasion to complain of him. Hence, whether he were ill or well, so many and great were his sufferings that those friars who knew this, such as we who were with him to the day of his death, cannot read or recall these things without shedding tears, and bearing all tribulation and want with greater patience and joy.
In the morning Blessed Francis came down from the tower, and going to the Lord Cardinal, told him all that had happened to him, and of the conversation between himself and his companion, finally adding: "Men repute me to be a holy man and, behold, demons chase me from my retreat."
The Lord Cardinal was greatly diverted with him, but knowing and venerating him for a Saint would not contradict him nor compel him to stay. Then Blessed Francis bade him farewell, and returned to the Hermitage of San Colombano near Rieti.
From the Works of the Seraphic FatherOne time Blessed Francis went to Rome to visit my Lord of Ostia, and after remaining with him some days went thence to visit the Lord Cardinal Leo, who was greatly devoted to Blessed Francis. And as it was winter time and the roads were unfit for travelling, because of the cold and wind and rain, he begged him to remain a few days, as a poor man amongst the other poor he entertained daily at his table. This he said knowing that Blessed Francis ever wished to be received and treated as a poor man, although the Lord Pope and the Cardinals desired with much reverence and devotion to receive him as a guest, for they venerated him as a Saint. And the Cardinal added, "I will give you a good retired house, where you can pray and eat as it pleases you."
Then Brother Angelo Tancredi, one of the first twelve friars, who was then living with this Cardinal, said to Blessed Francis: "Brother, there is close by a spacious tower and so retired you might well believe yourself in a hermitage." When Blessed Francis saw the place it pleased him, and returning to the Lord Cardinal he said: "My lord, perchance I will remain with you for a few days." Thereat was the Lord Cardinal pleased and glad. Then Brother Angelo went and prepared a place in the tower for Blessed Francis and his companion. And as Blessed Francis did not desire to come down from there while he remained with the Cardinal, nor that any one should come to him, Brother Angelo promised, and ordered that food should be brought there to him every day for himself and his companion. When Blessed Francis had gone there with his companion, on the first night, when he tried to sleep, demons came and beat him soundly. And calling his companion he said to him: "Brother, demons have beaten me soundly; stay near me, for I fear to be alone." Therefore his companion remained near him all night, for Blessed Francis was trembling like a man in a fever, and they kept vigil all the night together.
Meanwhile Blessed Francis said to his companion, "Why have the demons beaten me, and why has the Lord given them power to hurt me?" Then he added: "The demons are the police of the Lord, and as the governor of a land sends his police to punish evildoers, so the Lord by His police, the demons who in this world are His ministers, corrects and chastises those He loves. Often even the perfect Religious does wrong in ignorance, and when he does not recognise his fault he is chastised by the devil, that he may diligently search and consider both within and outside himself in what he has offended. For in those who are truly loved of the Lord in this life He leaves nothing to be punished hereafter. By the mercy and grace of the Lord I am not conscious in myself of any offence that I have not confessed and made satisfaction for, yet by His grace the Lord has given me to know clearly when I please or displease Him.
Therefore, it may be He has chastised me by his police, because, though the Lord Cardinal has shown me compassion, and this refreshment is necessary for my body, my friars, who wander through the world, and other friars who live in hermitages and poor houses, when they hear I am staying with the Lord Cardinal, might have reason to murmur against me, saying, 'We have to support every adversity while he has his own consolations.' As I am ever bound to set them a good example, since for this reason I was given to them, it is more edifying to the friars when I dwell with them in poor places rather than elsewhere, and they are better able to bear their trials patiently when they know I have to bear the same."
This was ever the whole and constant study of our Father in all things to set a good example and never to give the other friars occasion to complain of him. Hence, whether he were ill or well, so many and great were his sufferings that those friars who knew this, such as we who were with him to the day of his death, cannot read or recall these things without shedding tears, and bearing all tribulation and want with greater patience and joy.
In the morning Blessed Francis came down from the tower, and going to the Lord Cardinal, told him all that had happened to him, and of the conversation between himself and his companion, finally adding: "Men repute me to be a holy man and, behold, demons chase me from my retreat."
The Lord Cardinal was greatly diverted with him, but knowing and venerating him for a Saint would not contradict him nor compel him to stay. Then Blessed Francis bade him farewell, and returned to the Hermitage of San Colombano near Rieti.
St. Francis of Assisi, 1882
Of the Value and Dignity of the Soul
The greatest care
ought to be taken of the soul, for man has not many, but only one. If
God had given us two souls, as He has given us two eyes, or two feet,
then should one be lost or taken away, we might guard and save the
other. But as we have received only one, very weak and languishing,
assailed by three most powerful enemies, and exposed to the fiery darts
of the world, the flesh, and the devil, it is not lawful for it to
repose securely for one single day, but it must always be striving and
fighting. The Apostle gives us to understand how continual this warfare
must be, when he says: 'Our wrestling is not against flesh and blood,
but against principalities and powers.'
In war, or in a battle, some time is granted to the soldiers to refresh their bodies, to lay aside their arms, to rest from their labours, and to recruit their strength; nor are they, during severe cold, compelled to rest at night exposed to the inclemency of the season, but are allowed to pass the winter in the city. But it is different with wrestlers; for then only can they be permitted to breathe, when one being overcome and thrown to the earth, the other goes away in triumph. The strife with our enemies can never cease, the time of fighting is the whole time of our life, the end of our life will be the beginning of rest; and only after death will the demonwrestler retire, after having endeavoured most strenuously to conquer us in death. Let us, therefore, most earnestly beseech Our Lord to protect us by His grace, and, in the midst of so many dangers, mercifully to defend us from our enemies. Nothing, alas! is more vile than the price for which we sell our precious souls. On the slightest occasion we cast it into hell, and for the smallest and most insignificant reward we deprive it of the inestimable treasure of Divine grace.
In war, or in a battle, some time is granted to the soldiers to refresh their bodies, to lay aside their arms, to rest from their labours, and to recruit their strength; nor are they, during severe cold, compelled to rest at night exposed to the inclemency of the season, but are allowed to pass the winter in the city. But it is different with wrestlers; for then only can they be permitted to breathe, when one being overcome and thrown to the earth, the other goes away in triumph. The strife with our enemies can never cease, the time of fighting is the whole time of our life, the end of our life will be the beginning of rest; and only after death will the demonwrestler retire, after having endeavoured most strenuously to conquer us in death. Let us, therefore, most earnestly beseech Our Lord to protect us by His grace, and, in the midst of so many dangers, mercifully to defend us from our enemies. Nothing, alas! is more vile than the price for which we sell our precious souls. On the slightest occasion we cast it into hell, and for the smallest and most insignificant reward we deprive it of the inestimable treasure of Divine grace.
