Planet X Incoming: Yellowstone "Time-Bomb" & HeatWave

The "Passing" of Planet X marks the end of the 5th age of the Church and ushers in the 6th...

The timebomb under Yellowstone: Experts warn of 90,000 immediate deaths and a 'nuclear winter' across the US if supervolcano erupts

It could release 1 ft layer of molten ash 1,000 miles from the National Park
It would be 1,000 times as powerful as the 1980 Mount St Helens eruption
A haze would drap over the United States, causing temperatures to drop
Experts say there is a 1 in 700,000 annual chance of a eruption at the site

A supervolcano in the heart of America's northwest has the potential to blanket the US in a 'nuclear winter'.

If it were to erupt, the Yellowstone supervolcano would be one thousand times as powerful as the 1980 Mount St Helens eruption, experts claim.

While it has lain dormant for more than 70,000 years, scientists say that we can't rule out the possibility eruption this may some day take place - although they say the chances are extremely slim.

The Grand Prismatic hot spring in Yellowstone National Park is among the park's many hydrothermal features created by the Yellowstone supervolcano. Experts say there is a one in 700,000 annual chance of a volcanic eruption at the site

The volcano at Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming and Montana sits atop a huge reserve of molten rock and last erupted 640,000 years ago.

It is one of the largest active continental silicic volcanic fields in the world. Silicic is used to describe magma or igneous rock rich in silica.

Experts say there is a one in 700,000 annual chance of a volcanic eruption at the site.

An in-depth report by HowStuffWorks has revealed the process that would take place if the volcano were to blow.

It says that a mixture of magma, rocks, vapour, carbon dioxide and other gases would eventually push out from the ground, creating a dome shape with cracks.

The dissolved gases would them explode, releasing the magmaacross the park.

This USGS graphic shows how a 'super eruption' of the molten lava under Yellowstone National Park would spread ash across the United States

Experts say there is a one in 700,000 annual chance of a volcanic eruption at the site. Pictured is an artist's impression

The eruption, the say, could kill as many as 90,000 people almost instantly and release a 10 ft (3-meter) layer of molten ash 1,000 miles (1,609km) from the park.

'The ash would block off all points of entry from the ground, and the spread of ash and gases into the atmosphere would stop most air travel, just as it did when a much smaller volcano erupted in Iceland in 2010,' the magazine writes.

'Sulphuric gases released from the volcano would spring into the atmosphere and mix with the planet's water vapour.

'The haze of gas that could drape the country wouldn't just dim the sunlight — it also would cool temperatures.'

SCIENTISTS FIND MASSIVE NEW MAGMA CHAMBER UNDER YELLOWSTONE

In the heart of Yellowstone National Park, a supervolcano releases around 45,000 metric tonnes of carbon dioxide each day.

But the magma chamber lying directly beneath its surface is not considered large enough to produce such levels, so researchers have been searching for an alternative source for years.

In April, by tracking seismic waves, geophysicists discovered a huge secondary chamber deeper underground that's so large its partly-molten rock could fill the Grand Canyon 11 times over.

Previous research found a relatively small magma chamber, known as the upper-crustal magma reservoir, directly beneath the surface in 2013 that measures 2,500 cubic miles (10,420 cubic km).

To discover the latest chamber, Hsin-Hua Huang from the University of Utah and his colleagues tracked seismic waves from almost 5,000 earthquakes.

These readings combined data from the University of Utah Seismograph Stations, which collected shallow readings from nearby quakes in Utah, Idaho, the Teton Range and Yellowstone, and from the Earthscope array, which revealed deeper readings from temblors from more further afield.

Each of these quakes created waves that echoed around the supervolcano.

The movement and structure of these waves could then be used to map the earth beneath.

The researchers said in their paper: 'The Yellowstone magmatic system from the mantle plume to the upper crust', published in the journal Science, that the reservoir contains around 98 per cent hot rock.

The remaining 2 per cent is molten rock and is too deep to directly cause an eruption, they added.

It adds that falling temperatures would damage our food supply, destroying crops and causing a worldwide food shortage.

But not every believes a Yellowstone eruption would be as catastrophic as this.

Last year, a study by the United States Geological Survey (USGS) concluded that a volcanic eruption at Yellowstone would cover cities across the country with ash and shut down air travel and communications.

But it added that it would not herald the end of the United States as we know it, as the latest report has claimed.

The scientists used the program called Ash 3D to model the effects of a Yellowstone 'super eruption' and found that cities up to 300 miles from the park would be covered by up to three feet of ash.

Cities further afield in the Midwest would be covered by a few inches and coastal cities such as New York and California would get only a fraction of an inch.

Yellowstone National Park spans the midwestern US states of Wyoming, Idaho and Montana (pictured)

An eruption at Yellowstone would create an 'umbrella cloud' of ash which would expand evenly in all directions driven by the force of the seismic event.

'In essence, the eruption makes its own winds that can overcome the prevailing westerlies, which normally dominate weather patterns in the US,' said Larry Mastin, the lead author of the new paper.

Even these smaller levels of ash would be a disaster for the US.

The USGS study says that electronic communication and air travel throughout the country would be shut down by an eruption.

A huge cloud of ash thousands of miles across would also likely cause a year-long winter, say the study authors.

The 1815 eruption of Mount Tambora in the Pacific produced an ash cloud tens of miles across caused 'a year without a summer' across the globe with snowfall in the North Eastern United States in June.

Areas covered in feet of ash would see buildings at risk of collapse and sewer and water lines blocked, and winds would form large dunes of ash that would cover roads and buildings.

If it were to erupt, the Yellowstone supervolcano would be one thousand times as powerful as the 1980 Mount St Helens eruption, experts claim. The volcano at Yellowstone National Park in Wyoming and Montana sits atop a huge reserve of molten rock and last erupted 640,000 years ago

Farming in the Midwest would be devastated by the cloud of ash, and highways across the country would become slippy and treacherous.

The Yellowstone volcano has had three super eruptions - which produce more than 240 cubic miles of ash' in the past.

One was 2.1 million years ago, another 1.3 million years ago and a third 640,000 years ago.

Ash from these eruptions has been found across the US on the east and west coasts.

The last volcanic activity at Yellowstone was 70,000 years ago which produced a lava flow in the south of the park.

In April, scientists at the University of Utah discovered an enormous secondary chamber deeper beneath Yellowstone National Park that's so large it is partly-molten rock could fill the Grand Canyon 11 times over.

YELLOWSTONE SUPERVOLCANO GETTING READY TO BLOW?

Iran city hits suffocating heat index of 165 degrees, near world record

August 2015 – IRAN – Wherever you live or happen to travel to, never complain about the heat and humidity again. In the city of Bandar Mahshahr (population of about 110,000 as of 2010), the air felt like a searing 165 degrees (74 Celsius) today factoring in the humidity. Although there are no official records of heat indices, this is second highest level we have ever seen reported. To achieve today’s astronomical heat index level of 165, Bandar Mahshahr’s actual air temperature registered 115 degrees (46 Celsius) with an astonishing dew point temperature of 90 (32 Celsius).

This 165 reading, recorded at 4:30 p.m. local time Friday, comes one day after the heat index soared to 159 degrees (70 Celsius) in the same location. Bandar Mahshahr sits adjacent to the Persian Gulf in southwest Iran where water temperatures are in the 90s. Such high temperatures lead to some of the most oppressive humidity levels in the world when winds blow off the sweltry water. In southeast Iran, also along the Persian Gulf, Jask, Iran observed a heat index of 156 degrees (69 Celsius) on Friday (air temperature 102.2 degrees with a dew point of 91.4 degrees).

Although there are no official records, 178 degrees (81 Celsius) is the highest known heat index ever attained. It was observed in Dhahran, Saudi Arabia on July 8, 2003. In his book Extreme Weather, weather historian Christopher Burt says Dhahran, also on the Persian Gulf, registered an air temperature of 108 degrees (42 Celsius) and a dew point of 95 (35 Celsius), which computes to such an extreme heat index level. This week’s extreme heat index values have occurred as a punishing heat wave has engulfed the Middle East.

On Thursday, Baghdad soared to 122 degrees (50C) – though its dew point was a lowly 44 (7 Celsius) given its desert environs. That combination produced a heat index of 115 – the dry air taking a slight edge off the blistering temperatures. A massive high pressure ridge or “heat dome” responsible for the excessive heat doesn’t look to budge for several days, at least. – Washington Post

42C heat wave begins in Cyprus – code yellow warning issued

August 2015 – CYPRUS – Another week of boiling weather has already begun, with forecasters predicting temperatures could rise as high as 42C by Tuesday. The Weather Service issued a ‘code yellow’ weather warning on Saturday, meaning: “The weather is potentially dangerous. The weather phenomena that have been forecast are not unusual, but be attentive if you intend to practice activities exposed to meteorological risks. Keep informed about the expected meteorological conditions and do not take any avoidable risks.”

The entire island is already basking in “wall-to-wall sunshine” as a swathe of blistering hot air sweeps in from Asia. The heat wave will peak on Tuesday with temperatures reaching 42 degrees inland, a meteorologist told the Cyprus News Agency. The mercury this weekend will average around the 38 degrees mark and will gradually climb above 40ºC, with 41 degrees being the average. On the coastal areas slightly lower temperatures, ranging from 34 to 38 degrees, are expected.

The heat could have health impacts, causing dehydration and exhaustion, particularly in people over age 65, infants and young children, people with medical conditions like diabetes, high blood pressure, heart disease, obesity, asthma or respiratory conditions. People who have been consuming caffeine or alcohol are also at a higher risk of dehydration, public health officials said. –Famagusta Gazette

Heat, drought cook fish alive in Pacific Northwest

August 2015 – OREGON – Freakishly hot, dry weather in the Pacific Northwest is killing millions of fish in the overheated waters of the region’s rivers and streams. “We’ve lost about 1.5 million juvenile fish this year due to drought conditions at our hatcheries,” Ron Warren of Washington State’s Department of Fish and Wildlife said in a statement. “This is unlike anything we’ve seen for some time.” Sockeye salmon losses in the Columbia River due to the heat are in the hundreds of thousands, said Jeff Fryer, senior fishery scientist with the river’s Inter-Tribal Fish Commission. The fish were returning from the ocean to spawn when the “unprecedented” warm water killed them, he said. Water temperatures in the Columbia River — part of which runs along the border of Oregon and Washington — reached the low 70s shortly after July 4, something that doesn’t usually happen until August, if at all, Fryer said.

High temperatures — coupled with the low water levels — can be lethal to fish, according to the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife. With no end to the drought in sight, there could be additional fish die-offs, said Rod French, a fish biologist with the department. Dead and distressed sockeye salmon found earlier this month in the Deschutes River in Oregon likely came from the Columbia River and were bound for other locations before they swam into the Deschutes in search of cooler water, the department said. Early pathology results suggest they died from columnaris, a bacterial infection typically associated with high water temperatures and/or low levels of dissolved oxygen.

In Idaho, “it’s a tough year for all (migrating) fish, including sockeye,” Mike Peterson, Idaho Fish and Game’s senior sockeye research biologist, said in a statement. Recreational fishermen in the region are also feeling the heat: Warm stream temperatures due to low flows and hot weather cause fish trauma, disease, and deaths, which has prompted the closing of streams to all fishing along the Washington Cascades, Richard Heim of the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration wrote in this week’s U.S. Drought Monitor report. “When streams get too warm, fish are stressed and as a result the fishing goes downhill fast,” Rick Hargrave, information and education division administrator at the Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife, said in a statement. “Fish stop biting or retreat to deeper, cooler water where they are harder to catch.” July will likely be one of Seattle’s hottest single months on record, the National Weather Service reported.

On Friday, the city hit 90 degrees for the 11th time this summer. That’s an all-time record for normally mild Seattle. The current heat wave is expected to last into early next week. Meanwhile, 100% of Washington and Oregon are now in a drought at the same time, something that hasn’t happened since 2001. The trouble for the fish actually began months ago, when a lack of snowpack from an unusually warm winter resulted in drought conditions throughout much of the Pacific Northwest. Typically, a decent snowpack slowly provides water to rivers and streams, helping to sustain fish through the drier summer months, according to the Washington Department of Fish and Wildlife. But, with little or no snowpack, flows in many rivers have dropped significantly and water temperatures have increased — deadly conditions for fish. –USA Today

Hong Kong swelters on hottest day in history

Hong Kong (AFP) - Hong Kong on Saturday recorded its hottest day since authorities began taking temperature readings 130 years ago, due to the influence of a nearby typhoon.

The daily maximum temperature hit 36.3 degrees Celsius, the Hong Kong Observatory said, with higher temperatures recorded in some parts of the city earlier in the day.

A layer of haze hung over the metropolis of seven million, as people wielding electric fans and umbrellas tried in vain to beat the boiling heat.

"This is a new record," a Hong Kong Observatory spokesman told AFP.
"Today, the recorded daily maximum... was 36.3 degrees Celsius," he said, adding that the previous hottest days on record occurred in 1900 and 1990, when a temperature of 36.1 degrees Celsius was recorded.
The former British colony began officially recording temperatures in 1885.

"Under the influence of the outer subsiding air of Typhoon Soudelor, it was very hot over the territory," the observatory said on its website, urging people outdoors to "drink plenty of water".

Typhoon Soudelor ripped up trees and triggered landslides in Taiwan, and knocked out power to 1.5 million homes, before churning towards China.

Taiwanese authorities said four people had died in the storm, including a firefighter in southern Pintung county and a man in the coastal town of Suao who was hit by a falling billboard.

Longest Streak of Triple-Digit Heat Since 2013 Forecast in Dallas

An unrelenting and dangerous heat wave will expand across the South Central United States through this weekend and retain a firm grip on a part of the region well into late August.
An increasing number of communities will endure triple-digit heat through this weekend across the southern Plains and lower Mississippi Valley as a strong ridge of high pressure builds eastward.
Oklahoma City will record another 100-degree high, while Dallas will endure its first stretch of triple-digit heat in excess of five days since August 2013.
Shreveport and Baton Rouge, Louisiana, and Jackson, Mississippi, will be among the communities that challenge record highs this weekend.
"This heat wave will be relentless day after day [across the South Central U.S.]," stated AccuWeather Senior Meteorologist Brett Anderson.

Death toll in scorching Egyptian heat wave rises to 93

August 2015 – EGYPT – At least 93 people have died during a heat wave in Egypt this week that sent air temperatures soaring to as high as 115 degrees Fahrenheit in southern parts of the country, the nation’s official Middle East News Agency (MENA) reported Friday. With high temperatures in the forecast for this weekend, authorities fear the death toll may continue to mount. Detainees and older people are members of two of the groups at the greatest risk of death during the heat wave. Most of the associated fatalities this week have been older people, MENA said. However, three patients at a psychiatric hospital and three prisoners in a jail also have perished. Demographic information has not been released for all of the dead.

Several hundred people suffering heat exhaustion have been admitted to hospitals, and this figure appears likely to grow as temperatures in Cairo are expected to be in the area of 107 degrees Fahrenheit Sunday. Egypt’s Ministry of Health told residents “not to leave home except for extreme necessity,” as it urged people to stay indoors and away from direct sunlight. After the spate of deaths and hospitalizations related to heat exhaustion, the Cairo Post published an article with tips to survive the heat wave. It advised readers to stay inside, drink plenty of fluids and avoid very humid locations, as humidity can rapidly lead to dehydration. In a country where most women wear hijabs, or head coverings, and many wear niqabs, head-to-toe coverings, they are at high risk of overheating. Accordingly, the Post encouraged them to wear cotton products, which breathe comparatively easily. Egypt endured a similar heat wave last summer, when temperatures were also well above 100 degrees Fahrenheit for more than a week. –IB Times

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Tuesday, August 18, 2015

Planet X Incoming: Yellowstone "Time-Bomb" & HeatWave